2021-07-08 13:31:41 • ID: 2258
A Levallois Point from the the Ruquier Quarry at Oissel
This is a classic Levallois Point from the the Ruquier Quarry at Oissel, a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France near the important site of Saint-Pierre-lès-Elbeuf-see here: 1595
Figure 1 shows the dorsal view, Figure 2 the ventral side and Figure 3 the facetted base of the Point.
In his classic work: "Les limons quaternaires du Bassin de la Seine"; François Bordes gave an important account about
the many gravel quarries and their Quaternary stratigraphy in the Oisell area.
Near Oisell, in the commune of Grand-Couronne, the brickworks of Petit-Essart yielded several series that can be linked to a Late Acheulean and to a Mousterian of Acheulean tradition.
In particular, several brickyards opened in Oissel from 1869 onwards have yielded abundant material allowing important stratigraphic surveys.
These were located on the southeast-facing hillside overlooking Oissel, at an altitude of 67-70 m. The deepest excavation reached 22 m.
Bordes noted the succession of ten silty layers separated by eight levels of rubble.
The artifacts were found to be in different condition:
- rolled, with some traces of gelifraction,
- lustrous,
- and fresh.
This last series let Bordes believe that a part of the material was little or not disturbed.
The whole ensemble constituted one of the largest series
collected in Haute-Normandie since the end of the 19th century.
Bordes as a child of his time, recognized the existence of "Mindelian, Rissian and Würmian loess" largely disturbed by phases of erosion and solifluction.
Bordes highlighted an Upper Acheulean of Micoquian facies-see 1532 and a typical Mousterian at the Ruquier quarry, the latter at the the base of the recent loess I (Most Probably MIS 5).
His typological analysis showed that "the Levallois typological index is very high: 61.9, which classifies this industry in the Mousterian of Levalloisian facies. The scraper index is relatively high: 12.8, The "Charentian" index is 2.5, which is low. The total Acheulean index is poor, 3.1, as well as the back knife index, 2.9. The biface index is extremely low: 0.2. Indeed, only one biface was present".
Recently, the "Mare d'Oisse" has yielded a series of 5561 objects that also can be linked to a typical Mousterian and have been excavated with modern methods (see attached file), although absolute dates are not available.
This industry is characterized by strong Levallois component, with full mastery of a Non-Levallois Blade production.
The occupation corresponds mainly to a workshop on an extraction site; it may have been related to the nearby typical Mousterian of the Ruquier quarry site, on the same contiguous area.
Levallois Cores represent nearly 83% of the whole ensemble. The whole spectrum from lineal, recurrent (unidirectional, bidirectional, centripetal) and laminar techniques is present. On the other hand, several cores with prismatic appearance "à débitage semi-tournant" were qualified as Upper Paleolithic type.
In this respect the site is similar to Mousterian Ensembles with a strong laminar component from MIS5 in Northern Europe, first described at Seclin and later also recognized at Wallertheim D, Saint-Germain-des-Vaux, Tönchesberg 2B and Riencourt-lès-Bapaume for example. Geologically and in concordance with Bordes suggestions, the "Mare d'Oisse" site belongs to the end of MIS5 around 80-70 k.a. BP- see 1522
Suggested Reading:
Francois Bordes, Les limons quaternaires du Bassin de la Seine. Stratigraphie et archéologie paléolithique; 1955.
Figure 4 displays page 152 from my own example of Bordes publication with Levallois Points- retouched and unretouched among a typical Scraper rich Levallois-Mousterian ensemble.
Interestingly typical blades are also shown, but not described in the text-I suggest because Bordes could not imagine a "blade Mousterian".
Aude Coudenneau: Éléments triangulaires et armes de chasse au Paléolithique moyen. Free via Theses.fr
Provenance: Collection P. Fitte (FR)
Resources and images in full resolution:
- Image: 2021-07-09_IMG_3199.jpg
- Image: 2021-07-10_oissel11.jpg
- Image: 2021-07-10_oissell.jpg
- Image: 2021-07-10_oissel222.jpg
- Extern Link: www.persee.fr…rao_0767-709x_1999_num_16_1_1086
- Extern Link: journals.openedition.org…12332